ABSTRACT
Objective To study the role of sequential cranial ultrasound (cUS) in the early prognosis of neurodevelopmental outcome in the very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight preterm infants.Method Clinical and examination data of premature infants with birth weight less than 1 500 g,who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital within 24 hours after birth from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Early cranial ultrasound refers to the cUS scans during the period of 0 to 14 days after birth.Classification was applied to the whole set of early cUS scans based on the most severe lesion observed.Index 1 was periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH),which was divided into none and grade 1 to 4 according to the severity.Index 2 was paraventricular white matter echo,which was divided into normal,slightly enhanced and significantly enhanced.The cUS scan repeated at term-equivalent age (corrected gestational age 37 ～ 44 weeks) was referred to as term cUS.Term cUS was evaluated according to paraventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and enlargement of ventricle.Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 16.0.Result A total of 200 premature infants were collected.The gestational age was (30.1 ± 1.9) weeks,and the birth weight was (1 203 ± 186) g.The median time of cUS scans during hospitalization was 3 times.The age at which the Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale was completed was (11.8 ±4.0) months,the corrected age was (9.7 ±4.0) months.The development quotient (DQ) of gross motor was lower than that of the other four items,and the difference was statistically signi icant.Analysis of data suggested that PVH-IVH grade 3 or grade 4,significantly enhanced paraventricular white matter echo found in early cUS,and PVL or enlargement of ventricle found in term cUS were all associated to lower gross motor DQ (P ＜ 0.05).PVL was also significantly correlated with lower DQ of adaptability,fine motor,language and personal-social (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared to adaptability,fine motor,language and personal-social,gross motor has the lowest DQ among very low or extremely low birth weight infants.PVH-IVH grade 3 or worse,significantly enhanced paraventricular white matter echo found in early cUS,and PVL or enlargement of ventricle found in term cUS are high risk factors for adverse outcome of gross motor.Among them,PVL found in term cUS suggests poor neurodevelopmental outcome.